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Mixed State Phenomenological and



Clinical Subtypes Pisa-ECT Sample






• 202 Bipolar I patients with treatment-resistant MS (DSM IV),
who had received ECT

– 81 Males / 121 Females


– Age beetween 21-81



• Evaluated in the first week of hospitalization prior to ECT,

using:

– Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 items (HAM-D-

17)

– Mania Rating Scale (MRS)

– Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)


– Clinical Global Improvement (CGI)




• Statistical analyses

– Factor Analyses of BPRS

– Comparison of dominant factor subtypes
Perugi et al., Phenomenological subtypes of severe bipolar mixed states. Comprehensive
Psychiatry, 55 (2014) 799–806.
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